publications: - title: "PCA Based Classification of Single Layered Cloud Types" author: - name: "Imran Sarwar Bajwa" link: "https://sites.google.com/view/isbajwa/my-website" - name: "S. Irfan Hyder" link: "http://" year: "2005" month: "July" abstract: "The paper presents an automatic classification system, which discriminates the different types of single-layered clouds using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with enhanced accuracy as compared to other techniques. PCA is an image classification technique, which is typically used for face recognition. PCA can be used to identify the image features called principal components. A principal component is a peculiar feature of an image. The approach described in this paper uses this PCA capability for enhancing the accuracy of cloud image analysis. To demonstrate this enhancement, a software classifier system has been developed that incorporates PCA capability for better discrimination of cloud images. The system is first trained by cloud images. In training phase, system reads major principal features of the different cloud images to produce an image space. In testing phase, a new cloud image can be classified by comparing it with the specified image space using the PCA algorithm." links: "url": "http://pafkiet.edu.pk/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=hLyTG0rv8JI%3D&tabid=149&mid=1544" tags: - "rule-based" - "classification" - "software components" - "software component" - "testing" - "analysis" - "type system" - "systematic-approach" researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/hyder2005based" cites: 0 citedby: 0 journal: "Journal of Market Forces" volume: "1" number: "2" kind: "article" key: "hyder2005based" - title: "BPM Meeting with SOA: A Customized Solution for Small Business Enterprises" author: - name: "Imran Sarwar Bajwa" link: "https://sites.google.com/view/isbajwa/my-website" - name: "Ali Samad" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/ali-samad" - name: "Shahzad Mumtaz" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/shahzad-mumtaz" - name: "Rafaqut Kazmi" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/rafaqut-kazmi" - name: "Abbas Choudhary" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/abbas-choudhary" year: "2009" doi: "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ICIME.2009.152" links: doi: "http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ICIME.2009.152" researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/10.1109-ICIME.2009.152" cites: 0 citedby: 0 journal: "Information Management and Engineering, IEEE International Conference on" volume: "0" kind: "article" key: "10.1109-ICIME.2009.152" - title: "Feature Based Image Classification by using Principal Component Analysis" author: - name: "Imran Sarwar Bajwa" link: "https://sites.google.com/view/isbajwa/my-website" - name: "M. Shahid Naweed" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/m.-shahid-naweed" - name: "M. Nadim Asif" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/m.-nadim-asif" - name: "S. Irfan Hyder" link: "http://" year: "2009" month: "April" abstract: "Classification of different types of cloud images is the primary issue used to forecast precipitation and other weather constituents. A PCA based classification system has been presented in this paper to classify the different types of single-layered and multi-layered clouds. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) provides enhanced accuracy in features based image identification and classification as compared to other techniques. PCA is a feature based classification technique that is characteristically used for image recognition. PCA is based on principal features of an image and these features discreetly represent an image. The used approach in this research uses the principal features of an image to identify different cloud image types with better accuracy. A classifier system has also been designed to exhibit this enhancement. The designed system reads features of gray-level images to create an image space. This image space is used for classification of images. In testing phase, a new cloud image is classified by comparing it with the specified image space using the PCA algorithm." links: "url": "/brokenurl#www.icgst.com/gvip/volume9/Issue2/P1150729002.pdf" tags: - "rule-based" - "classification" - "design research" - "testing" - "analysis" - "type system" - "systematic-approach" researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/bajwa2009feature" cites: 0 citedby: 0 journal: "Journal of Graphics, Vision and Image Processing" volume: "9" number: "2" kind: "article" key: "bajwa2009feature" - title: "OCL Constraints Generation from Natural Language Specification" author: - name: "Imran Sarwar Bajwa" link: "https://sites.google.com/view/isbajwa/my-website" - name: " " link: "https://researchr.org/alias/" - name: "Behzad Bordbar" link: "http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~bxb/" - name: "Mark G. Lee" link: "http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~mgl/" year: "2010" month: "October" doi: "http://edoc2010.inf.ufes.br/program" abstract: "Object Constraint Language (OCL) plays a key role in Unified Modeling Language (UML). In the UML standards, OCL is used for expressing constraints such as well-definedness criteria. In addition OCL can be used for specifying constraints on the models and pre/post conditions on operations, improving the precision of the specification. As a result, OCL has received considerable attention from the research community. However, despite its key role, there is a common consensus that OCL is the least adopted among all languages in the UML. It is often argued that, software practitioners shy away from OCL due to its unfamiliar syntax. To ensure better adoption of OCL, the usability issues related to producing OCL statement must be addressed. To address this problem, this paper aims to preset a method involving using Natural Language expressions and Model Transformation technology. The aim of the method is to produce a framework so that the user of UML tool can write constraints and pre/post conditions in English and the framework converts such natural language expressions to the equivalent OCL statements. As a result, the approach aims at simplifying the process of generation of OCL statements, allowing the user to benefit form the advantages provided by UML tools that support OCL. The suggested approach relies on Semantic Business Vocabulary and Rules (SBVR) to support formulation of natural language expressions and their transformations to OCL. The paper also presents outline of a prototype tool that implements the method." links: doi: "http://edoc2010.inf.ufes.br/program" tags: - "model-to-model transformation" - "OCL" - "rule-based" - "meta-model" - "modeling language" - "modeling" - "transformation language" - "language modeling" - "business rules" - "business process modeling" - "constraints" - "UML" - "source-to-source" - "rules" - "object-role modeling" - "model transformation" - "Meta-Environment" - "process modeling" - "systematic-approach" - "meta-objects" - "transformation" researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/OCL-SBVR-Natural-Language-Processing" cites: 0 citedby: 0 booktitle: "OCL Constraints Generation from Natural Language Specification" series: "EDOC" kind: "proceedings" key: "OCL-SBVR-Natural-Language-Processing" - title: "Rule based Production Systems for Automatic Code Generation in Java" author: - name: "Imran Sarwar Bajwa" link: "https://sites.google.com/view/isbajwa/my-website" - name: "M. Imran Siddique" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/m.-imran-siddique" - name: "M. Abbas Choudhary" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/m.-abbas-choudhary" year: "2006" doi: "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICDIM.2007.369214" abstract: "Unified modeling language is being used as a premier tool for modeling the user requirements. These CASE tools provide an easy way to get efficient solutions. This paper presents a natural language processing based automated system for generating code in multi-languages after modeling the user requirements based on UML. UML diagrams are first generated by analyzing the given business scenario provided by the user. A new model is presented for analyzing the natural languages and extracting the relative and required information from the given requirement notes by the user. User writes the requirements in simple English in a few paragraphs and the designed system has conspicuous ability to analyze the given script. After compound analysis and extraction of associated information, the designed system draws various UML diagrams as activity diagrams, sequence diagrams, class diagrams and Uses cases diagrams. The designed system has robust ability to create code automatically without external environment. The designed system provides a quick and reliable way to generate UML diagrams and generate respective code to save the time and budget of both the user and system analyst." links: doi: "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICDIM.2007.369214" tags: - "rule-based" - "Java" - "meta-model" - "modeling language" - "modeling" - "language modeling" - "business rules" - "analysis" - "language design" - "business process modeling" - "UML" - "rules" - "code generation" - "sequence diagrams" - "information models" - "Meta-Environment" - "design" - "process modeling" researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/BajwaSC06" cites: 0 citedby: 0 pages: "300-305" booktitle: "First IEEE International Conference on Digital Information Management (ICDIM), December 6-8, 2006, Christ College, Bangalore, India, Proceedings" publisher: "IEEE" kind: "inproceedings" key: "BajwaSC06" - title: "Virtual Telemedicine Using Natural Language Processing" author: - name: "Imran Sarwar Bajwa" link: "https://sites.google.com/view/isbajwa/my-website" year: "2010" month: "January" abstract: "Conventional telemedicine has limitations due to the existing time constraints in the response of a medical specialist. One major reason is that telemedicine based medical facilities are subject to the availability of a medical expert and telecommunication facilities. On the other hand, communication using telecommunication is only possible on fixed and appointed time. Typically, the field of telemedicine exists in both medical and telecommunication areas to provide medical facilities over a long distance, especially in remote areas. In this article, the authors present a solution for ?virtual telemedicine? to cope with the problem of the long time constraints in conventional telemedicine. Virtual Telemedicine is the use of telemedicine with the methods of artificial intelligence." links: "url": "http://www.igi-global.com/Bookstore/Article.aspx?TitleId=41727" tags: - "rule-based" - "constraints" researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/bajwa2010virtual" cites: 0 citedby: 0 journal: "International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering (IJITWE)" volume: "5" number: "1" kind: "article" key: "bajwa2010virtual" - title: "SOA and BPM Partnership: A paradigm for Dynamic and Flexible Process and I.T. Management" author: - name: "Imran Sarwar Bajwa" link: "https://sites.google.com/view/isbajwa/my-website" - name: "Rafaqut Kazmi" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/rafaqut-kazmi" - name: "Shahzad Mumtaz" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/shahzad-mumtaz" - name: "M. Abbas Choudhary" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/m.-abbas-choudhary" - name: "M. Shahid Naweed" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/m.-shahid-naweed" year: "2009" month: "July" abstract: "Business Process Management (BPM) helps in optimizing the business processes inside an enterprise. But BPM architecture does not provide any help for extending the enterprise. Modern business environments and rapidly changing technologies are asking for brisk changes in the business processes. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) can help in enabling the success of enterprise-wide BPM. SOA supports agility in software development that is directly related to achieve loose coupling of interacting software agents. Agility is a premium concern of the current software designing architectures. Together, BPM and SOA provide a perfect combination for enterprise computing. SOA provides the capabilities for services to be combined together and to support and create an agile, flexible enterprise. But there are still many questions to answer; BPM is better or SOA? and what is the future track of BPM and SOA? This paper tries to answer some of these important questions." links: "url": "http://www.waset.org/journals/ijhss/v3/v3-3-30.pdf" tags: - "optimization" - "software architecture" - "architecture" - "Meta-Environment" researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/bajwa2009partnership" cites: 0 citedby: 0 journal: "International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences" volume: "3" number: "3" kind: "article" key: "bajwa2009partnership" - title: "Markov Logics Based Automated Business Requirements Analysis" author: - name: "Imran Sarwar Bajwa" link: "https://sites.google.com/view/isbajwa/my-website" year: "2010" month: "June" abstract: "Automated Software engineering has been an area of interest for NLP scientists for last many decades. Various scientists have investigated applicability of the natural language based interfacing for business/software requirement analysis. Some of them are using rule based approach and some of them have used neural networks and case based reasoning, etc. These techniques provide results up to 70 ? 80%. The key objective of this research paper is to investigate the use of recently introduced approach of Markov Logics by Pedro Domingos and have a comparison of the output of this approach with other already employed approaches in the recent past. Results of analyzing the natural language text using Markov Logic has been presented in the next section." links: "url": "http://www.ijcee.org/papers/181.pdf" tags: - "rule-based" - "language engineering" - "software language engineering" - "business rules" - "analysis" - "requirements engineering" - "software engineering" - "rules" - "Markov" - "logic" - "systematic-approach" researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/bajwa2010markov" cites: 0 citedby: 0 journal: "International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering (IJCEE)" volume: "2" number: "3" kind: "article" key: "bajwa2010markov" - title: "Knowledge Retrieval from Dynamically Generated Web Pages" author: - name: "M. Asif Naeem" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/m.-asif-naeem" - name: "Imran Sarwar Bajwa" link: "https://sites.google.com/view/isbajwa/my-website" year: "2008" month: "December" abstract: "Improved knowledge management in modern World Wide Web is one of the major and significant issues to retrieve accurate and complete data. The hidden Web, also known as the invisible Web or deep Web, has given rise to a new issue of Web mining research. Most documents in the hidden Web, including pages hidden behind search forms, specialized databases, and dynamically generated Web pages, are not accessible by general Web mining application. In this paper a system is designed that has a robust ability to access these hidden web pages using web structure mining techniques for better knowledge management. As dynamic content generation is used in modern web pages and user forms are used to get information from a particular user and stored in a database. The link structure lying in these forms can not be accessed during conventional mining procedures. The accuracy ratio of web page hierarchical structures can be improved by including these hidden web pages in the process of Web structure mining. The designed system is adequately strong to process the dynamic Web pages along with static ones." links: "url": "http://www.softresearch.org/issues/jse1208/issue1208.php" tags: - "completeness" - "information retrieval" - "design research" - "data-flow" - "web applications" - "database" - "search" researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/bajwa2008knowledge" cites: 0 citedby: 0 journal: "International Journal of Software Engineering" volume: "2" number: "1" kind: "article" key: "bajwa2008knowledge" - title: "Context Based Meaning Extraction by Means of Markov Logic" author: - name: "Imran Sarwar Bajwa" link: "https://sites.google.com/view/isbajwa/my-website" year: "2010" month: "Feburary" abstract: "Understanding meanings and semantics of a speech or natural language is a complicated problem. This problem becomes more vital and classy when meanings with respect to context, have to be extracted. This particular research area has been typically point of meditation for the last few decades and many various techniques have been used to address this problem. An automated system is required that may be able to analyze and understand a few paragraphs in English language. In this research, Markov Logic has been incorporated to analyze and understand the natural language script given by the user. The designed system formulates the standard speech language rules with certain weights. These meticulous weights for each rule ultimately support in deciding the particular meaning of a phrase and sentence. The designed system provides an easy and consistent way to figure out speech language context and produce respective meanings of the text." links: "url": "http://www.ijcte.org/papers/113-G609.pdf" tags: - "semantics" - "rule-based" - "design research" - "language design" - "rules" - "Markov" - "context-aware" - "logic" researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/bajwa2010context" cites: 0 citedby: 0 journal: "International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering (IJCTE)" volume: "2" number: "1" kind: "article" key: "bajwa2010context" - title: "Database Interfacing using Natural Language Processing" author: - name: "Imran Sarwar Bajwa" link: "https://sites.google.com/view/isbajwa/my-website" - name: "Shahzad Mumtaz" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/shahzad-mumtaz" - name: "M. Shahid Naveed" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/m.-shahid-naveed" year: "2008" month: "August" abstract: "To write technically correct SQL queries is a complex and skill requiring task especially for a novel user. This situation becomes more complex when a low skilled person has to use a database management system for a specific business purpose. S/He has to write some quires at his own and perform various tasks. This scenario requires more expertise and skills in terms of understanding and writing the accurate and functional queries. The task of the novel user can be simplified by providing an easy interface that is well known to that user. In order to resolve all such issues, automated software is needed, which facilitates both users and software engineers. User writes the requirements in simple English in a few statements and the designed system has the ability to analyze the given script. After composite analysis and mining of associated information, the designed system generates the intended SQL queries that can be run directly. The paper describes a system that can create SQL queries automatically. The designed system provides a quick and reliable way to generate SQL queries to save time and budget of both the user and system analyst." links: "url": "/brokenurl#www.eurojournals.com/ejsr%2020%204.pdf" tags: - "SQL" - "domain analysis" - "analysis" - "language design" - "writing" - "database" - "query language" - "domain-specific language" researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/naveed2008database" cites: 0 citedby: 0 journal: "European Journal of Scientific Research" volume: "20" number: "4" kind: "article" key: "naveed2008database" - title: "Object Oriented Software Modeling Using NLP Based Knowledge Extraction" author: - name: "Imran Sarwar Bajwa" link: "https://sites.google.com/view/isbajwa/my-website" - name: "Ali Samad" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/ali-samad" - name: "Shahzad Mumtaz" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/shahzad-mumtaz" year: "2009" month: "August" abstract: "This paper presents a natural language processing based automated system for NL text to OO modeling the user requirements and generating code in multi-languages. A new rule-based model is presented for analyzing the natural languages (NL) and extracting the relative and required information from the given software requirement notes by the user. User writes the requirements in simple English in a few paragraphs and the designed system incorporates NLP methods to analyze the given script. First the NL text is semantically analyzed to extract classes, objects and their respective, attributes, methods and associations. Then UML diagrams are generated on the bases of previously extracted information. The designed system also provides with the respective code automatically of the already generated diagrams. The designed system provides a quick and reliable way to generate UML diagrams to save the time and budget of both the user and system analyst." links: "url": "http://www.eurojournals.com/ejsr_35_1_03.pdf" tags: - "rule-based" - "meta-model" - "modeling language" - "modeling" - "language modeling" - "language design" - "UML" - "rules" - "object-role modeling" - "information models" - "Meta-Environment" - "design" - "process modeling" - "meta-objects" researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/bajwa2009object" cites: 0 citedby: 0 journal: "European Journal of Scientific Research" volume: "35" number: "1" kind: "article" key: "bajwa2009object" - title: "Text Mining for Retrieving Reusable Code Blocks from Software Knowledge Base" author: - name: "Imran Sarwar Bajwa" link: "https://sites.google.com/view/isbajwa/my-website" - name: "M. Nadim Asif" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/m.-nadim-asif" - name: "M. Abbas Choudhary" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/m.-abbas-choudhary" year: "2008" month: "December" abstract: "This research paper presents a natural language processing based system that extracts the reusable code components from a software knowledge base. The extracted reusable software components can be used in the design and development of new software applications to save cost and time of the developer. The key issues involved in the research are reuse of software components, identification of these components from software code. The newly designed rule based framework is fairly efficient in analyzing the given scenario and extract the required reusable components to assist the developers according to the given guidelines. This research has been conducted to incorporate this obvious capability of the designed framework of analyzing the given scenario and extract the required reusable components to assist the developers according to the given guidelines. The designed system provides a quick and reliable way to extract required components that are used for reuse purposed on later stages. The application with such abilities can be more intelligent and pertinent specifically for the user to save the time." links: "url": "http://www.softresearch.org/issues/jse1208/issue1208.php" tags: - "reusable components" - "rule-based" - "application framework" - "software components" - "design research" - "software component" - "language design" - "reuse" - "rules" - "design" researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/choudhary2008mining" cites: 0 citedby: 0 journal: "International Journal of Software Engineering" volume: "2" number: "1" kind: "article" key: "choudhary2008mining" - title: "Web Layout Mining (WLM): A New Paradigm for Intelligent Web Layout Design" author: - name: "Imran Sarwar Bajwa" link: "https://sites.google.com/view/isbajwa/my-website" - name: "M. Imran Siddique" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/m.-imran-siddique" - name: "M. Abbas Choudhary" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/m.-abbas-choudhary" year: "2007" abstract: "The problem in designing of modern website projects is to produce contents according to the latest trends and styles. The common website editors just help to draw the intended layouts but the problem is to design the accurate web layout according to the demand and latest trends and style. This approach is useful when the user has a specific layout already in mind and is familiar with the web page layout principles as to what kinds of layouts are possible. It is intrinsically difficult for particularly those who have limited artistic and creative abilities to design good layout from scratch which is acceptable in every respect. An automated system is required that has ability to mine the layouts of the desired type of websites. The designed system for “Web Layout Mining (WLM)” helps to mine the most popular web-layouts from the internet database and design a web-layout that is near to acceptable and have all the marks and features of modern requirements. The designed system actually bases on a rule based algorithm which helps the user to search out some samples related to his website category and afterwards the user himself chooses a desired web-layout and designs its own one with proper implications and variations according to his own requirements." tags: - "rule-based" - "layout" - "principles" - "type system" - "rules" - "database" - "search" - "design" - "systematic-approach" researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/BajwaSC07" cites: 0 citedby: 0 journal: "Egyptian Computer Science Journal" volume: "29" number: "2" kind: "article" key: "BajwaSC07" - title: "A Rule Based System for Speech Language Context Understanding" author: - name: "Imran Sarwar Bajwa" link: "https://sites.google.com/view/isbajwa/my-website" - name: "M. Abbas Choudhary" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/m.-abbas-choudhary" year: "2006" month: "June" abstract: "Speech or Natural language contents are major tools of communication. This research paper presents a natural language processing based automated system for understanding speech language text. A new rule based model has been presented for analyzing the natural languages and extracting the relative meanings from the given text. User writes the natural language text in simple English in a few paragraphs and the designed system has a sound ability of analyzing the given script by the user. After composite analysis and extraction of associated information, the designed system gives particular meanings to an assortment of speech language text on the basis of its context. The designed system uses standard speech language rules that are clearly defined for all speech languages as English,Urdu, Chinese, Arabic, French, etc. The designed system provides a quick and reliable way to comprehend speech language context and generate respective meanings." links: "url": "http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_dhdxxb-e200606010.aspx" tags: - "rule-based" - "meta-model" - "modeling language" - "language modeling" - "design research" - "analysis" - "language design" - "rules" - "information models" - "context-aware" - "Meta-Environment" - "design" - "process modeling" researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/bajwa2006based" cites: 0 citedby: 0 journal: "International Journal of Donghua University (English Edition)" volume: "23" number: "6" kind: "article" key: "bajwa2006based"