publications: - title: "Optimization of semiconductor dew point hygrometer mirrors surface temperature homogeneity" author: - name: "Weremczuk, J." link: "https://researchr.org/alias/weremczuk%2C-j." - name: "Zenon Gniazdowski" link: "https://researchr.org/profile/zenongniazdowski/publications" - name: "{\\L}ysko, JM" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/%7B%5Ebl%7Dysko%2C-jm" - name: "Jachowicz, RS" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/jachowicz%2C-rs" year: "2001" researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/weremczuk2001optimization" cites: 0 citedby: 0 journal: "Sensors and Actuators A: Physical" volume: "92" number: "1" pages: "10-15" kind: "article" key: "weremczuk2001optimization" - title: "Extension of the one-dimensional {S}toney algorithm to a two-dimensional case" author: - name: "Zenon Gniazdowski" link: "https://researchr.org/profile/zenongniazdowski/publications" year: "2019" doi: "10.26348/znwwsi.20.41" abstract: "This article presents the extension of the one-dimensional Stoney algorithm to a two-dimensional case. The proposed extension consists in modifying the method of curvature estimation. The surface profile of the wafer before deposition of the thin film and after its deposition was locally approximated by the quadric. From this quadric, a quadratic form and the first degree surface were separated. An eigenproblem was solved for the matrix of this quadratic form. From eigenvectors a new coordinate system was created in which a new formula of the quadric was found. In this new coordinate system, the two-dimensional problem of estimating the curvature tensor has been solved by solving two independent one-dimensional problems of curvature estimation. Returning to the primary coordinate system, in this primary coordinate system, a solution to the two-dimensional problem was obtained. The article proposed five versions of the two-dimensional Stoney algorithm, with diverse complexity and accuracy. The recommendation for the version of the algorithm that could be practically used was also presented." researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/Gniazdowski2019" cites: 0 citedby: 0 journal: "Zeszyty Naukowe WWSI" volume: "13" number: "20" pages: "41-66" kind: "article" key: "Gniazdowski2019" - title: "Behavioral modeling of stressed MOSFET" author: - name: "Zenon Gniazdowski" link: "https://researchr.org/profile/zenongniazdowski/publications" year: "2015" doi: "10.26348/znwwsi.13.103" abstract: "In this paper piezoconductivity phenomenon in MOSFET channel is discussed and extension of drain current model with possibility of stress consideration is proposed. Analysis of obtained model combined with examination of stress components inherent in the MOSFET channel as well as distributions of specific piezo-conductance coefficients on a plane of channel can show which directions of transistor channel are desirable for improvement of MOSFET performances. This model gives possibility to predict optimal transistor channel orientation, for the given stress state in MOSFET channel. Possible simplification of this model is considered. In particular, stress state and significant piezoconductance coefficient distributions on planes{100}, 110 as well as{111} are analyzed. For assumed particular cases of stress state in the channel, final models of MOSFT for considered specific planes are given." researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/Gniazdowski2015" cites: 0 citedby: 0 journal: "Zeszyty Naukowe WWSI" volume: "9" number: "13" pages: "103-126" kind: "article" key: "Gniazdowski2015" - title: "Temperature distribution on semiconductor dew point hygrometer mirrors" author: - name: "Weremczuk, J." link: "https://researchr.org/alias/weremczuk%2C-j." - name: "Zenon Gniazdowski" link: "https://researchr.org/profile/zenongniazdowski/publications" - name: "Lysko, J." link: "https://researchr.org/alias/lysko%2C-j." - name: "Jachowicz, R." link: "https://researchr.org/alias/jachowicz%2C-r." year: "2000" researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/weremczuk2000temperature" cites: 0 citedby: 0 pages: "723-726" booktitle: "Eurosensors XIV" kind: "inproceedings" key: "weremczuk2000temperature" - title: "The empirical verification of the FEM model of semiconductor pressure sensor" author: - name: "Pancewicz, T." link: "https://researchr.org/alias/pancewicz%2C-t." - name: "Jachowicz, R." link: "https://researchr.org/alias/jachowicz%2C-r." - name: "Zenon Gniazdowski" link: "https://researchr.org/profile/zenongniazdowski/publications" - name: "A{\\.z}gin, Z." link: "https://researchr.org/alias/a%7B%5Eb.z%7Dgin%2C-z." - name: "Kowalski, P." link: "https://researchr.org/alias/kowalski%2C-p." year: "1999" tags: - "empirical" researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/pancewicz1999empirical" cites: 0 citedby: 0 journal: "Sensors and Actuators A: Physical" volume: "76" number: "1" pages: "260-265" kind: "article" key: "pancewicz1999empirical" - title: "On the Correlation between Random Variables and their Principal Components" author: - name: "Zenon Gniazdowski" link: "https://researchr.org/profile/zenongniazdowski/publications" year: "2023" doi: "10.26348/znwwsi.28.41" abstract: "The article attempts to find an algebraic formula describing the correlation coefficients between random variables and the principal components representing them. As a result of the analysis, starting from selected statistics relating to individual random variables, the equivalents of these statistics relating to a set of random variables were presented in the language of linear algebra, using the concepts of vector and matrix. This made it possible, in subsequent steps, to derive the expected formula. The formula found is identical to the formula used in Factor Analysis to calculate factor loadings. The discussion showed that it is possible to apply this formula to optimize the number of principal components in Principal Component Analysis, as well as to optimize the number of factors in Factor Analysis." researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/Gniazdowski2023" cites: 8 citedby: 0 journal: "Zeszyty Naukowe WWSI" volume: "17" number: "28" pages: "41-55" kind: "article" key: "Gniazdowski2023" - title: "Numerical Coding of Nominal Data" author: - name: "Zenon Gniazdowski" link: "https://researchr.org/profile/zenongniazdowski/publications" - name: "Michal Grabowski" link: "http://wwsi.edu.pl" year: "2015" doi: "10.26348/znwwsi.12.53" abstract: "In this paper, a novel approach for coding nominal data is proposed. For the given nominal data, a rank in a form of complex number is assigned. The proposed method does not lose any information about the attribute and brings other proper-ties previously unknown. The approach based on these knew properties can been used for classification. The analyzed example shows that classification with the use of coded nominal data or both numerical as well as coded nominal data is more effective than the classification, which uses only numerical data." researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/Gniazdowski2015a" cites: 0 citedby: 9 journal: "Zeszyty Naukowe WWSI" volume: "9" number: "12" pages: "53-61" kind: "article" key: "Gniazdowski2015a" - title: "Geometric interpretation of a correlation" author: - name: "Zenon Gniazdowski" link: "https://researchr.org/profile/zenongniazdowski/publications" year: "2013" doi: "10.26348/znwwsi.9.27" abstract: "The study shows that the Pearson?s coefficient of correlation is equivalent to the cosine of the angle between random variables. It was found that the information about the intensity of the relationship between variables is included in the value of the angle between random vectors. The paper proposes intuitive criteria for measuring the intensity of the relationship between random variables." researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/Gniazdowski2013" cites: 0 citedby: 14 journal: "Zeszyty Naukowe WWSI" volume: "7" number: "9" pages: "27-35" kind: "article" key: "Gniazdowski2013" - title: "On the Analysis of Correlation Between Nominal Data and Numerical Data" author: - name: "Zenon Gniazdowski" link: "https://researchr.org/profile/zenongniazdowski/publications" year: "2022" doi: "10.26348/znwwsi.27.57" abstract: "The article investigates the possibility of measuring the strength of a linear correlation relationship between nominal data and numerical data. Correlation coefficients for variables coded with real numbers as well as for variables coded with complex numbers were studied. For variables coded with real numbers, unambiguous measures of real linear correlation were obtained. In the case of complex coding, it has been observed that the obtained complex correlation coefficients change with the permutation of the phases in the complex numbers used to code classes of elements with equal cardinalities. It was found that a necessary condition for linear correlation is the possibility of linear ordering of a set with data. Since linear order is not possible in the set of complex numbers, complex correlation coefficients cannot be used as a measure of linear correlation. In the event of such a situation, a substitute action was suggested that would prevent equal cardinality of classes of identical elements contained in the set with nominal data. This action would consist in the correction of data, analogous to the correction during preprocessing or cleaning of data containing missing or outlier values. " links: "url": "https://zeszyty-naukowe.wwsi.edu.pl/zeszyty/zeszyt27/Zenon_Gniazdowski_nr_27.pdf" researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/Gniazdowski2022" cites: 16 citedby: 1 journal: "Zeszyty Naukowe WWSI" volume: "16" number: "27" pages: "57-82" kind: "article" key: "Gniazdowski2022" - title: "New Interpretation of Principal Components Analysis" author: - name: "Zenon Gniazdowski" link: "https://researchr.org/profile/zenongniazdowski/publications" year: "2017" doi: "10.26348/znwwsi.16.43" abstract: "A new look on the principal component analysis has been presented. Firstly, a ge-ometric interpretation of determination coefficient was shown. In turn, the abilityto represent the analyzed data and their interdependencies in the form of easy-to-understand basic geometric structures was shown. As a result of the analysis ofthese structures it was proposed to enrich the classical PCA. In particular, it wasproposed a new criterion for the selection of important principal components anda new algorithm for clustering primary variables by their level of similarity to theprincipal components. Virtual and real data spaces, as well as tensor operationson data, have also been identified.The anisotropy of the data was identified too." researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/Gniazdowski2017-0" cites: 0 citedby: 17 journal: "Zeszyty Naukowe WWSI" volume: "11" number: "16" pages: "43-65" kind: "article" key: "Gniazdowski2017-0" - title: "Practical approach to extraction of piezoresistance coefficient" author: - name: "Zenon Gniazdowski" link: "https://researchr.org/profile/zenongniazdowski/publications" - name: "Kowalski, P." link: "https://researchr.org/alias/kowalski%2C-p." year: "1998" researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/gniazdowski1998practical" cites: 0 citedby: 0 journal: "Sensors and Actuators A: Physical" volume: "68" number: "No. 1-3" pages: "329-332" kind: "article" key: "gniazdowski1998practical" - title: "On the clustering of correlated random variables" author: - name: "Zenon Gniazdowski" link: "https://researchr.org/profile/zenongniazdowski/publications" - name: "Kaliszewski, Dawid" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/kaliszewski%2C-dawid" year: "2018" doi: "10.26348/znwwsi.18.45" abstract: "In this work, the possibility of clustering correlated random variables was exam-ined, both because of their mutual similarity and because of their similarity to theprincipal components. The k-means algorithm and spectral algorithms were usedfor clustering. For spectral methods, the similarity matrix was both the matrixof relation established on the level of correlation and the matrix of coefficientsof determination. For four different sets of data, different ways of measuring thedisimilarity of variables were analyzed, and the impact of the diversity of initialpoints on the efficiency of the k-means algorithm was analyzed." researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/Gniazdowski2018" cites: 0 citedby: 0 journal: "Zeszyty Naukowe WWSI" volume: "12" number: "18" pages: "45-114" kind: "article" key: "Gniazdowski2018" - title: "Principal Component Analysis versus Factor Analysis" author: - name: "Zenon Gniazdowski" link: "https://researchr.org/profile/zenongniazdowski/publications" year: "2021" doi: "10.26348/znwwsi.24.35" abstract: "The article discusses selected problems related to both principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA). In particular, both types of analysis were compared. A vector interpretation for both PCA and FA has also been proposed. The problem of determining the number of principal components in PCA and factors in FA was discussed in detail. A new criterion for determining the number of factors and principal components is discussed, which will allow to present most of the variance of each of the analyzed primary variables. An efficient algorithm for determining the number of factors in FA, which complies with this criterion, was also proposed. This algorithm was adapted to find the number of principal components in PCA. It was also proposed to modify the PCA algorithm using a new method of determining the number of principal components. The obtained results were discussed." researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/Gniazdowski2021" cites: 0 citedby: 3 journal: "Zeszyty Naukowe WWSI" volume: "15" number: "24" pages: "35-88" kind: "article" key: "Gniazdowski2021" - title: "Exact extraction of piezoresistance coefficient using flat membrane" author: - name: "Zenon Gniazdowski" link: "https://researchr.org/profile/zenongniazdowski/publications" year: "2006" doi: "10.1109/JSEN.2005.855579" researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/gniazdowski2006exact" cites: 0 citedby: 0 journal: "IEEE Sensors Journal" volume: "6" number: "1" pages: "160-165" kind: "article" key: "gniazdowski2006exact" - title: "Detection of a Source Code Plagiarism in a Student Programming Competition" author: - name: "Zenon Gniazdowski" link: "https://researchr.org/profile/zenongniazdowski/publications" - name: "Maciej Boniecki" link: "https://researchr.org/alias/maciej-boniecki" year: "2019" doi: "10.26348/znwwsi.21.74" abstract: "The article presents a system for testing the independence of solutions to algorith-mic problems sent by students as part of the student programming competition.First, the context was discussed, as well as the need to organize programmingcompetitions resulting from this context. Then, an algorithm was proposed tostudy the mutual similarity of source codes of programs sent as part of a pro-gramming competition. Since, after implementation, the algorithm was used inpractice, examples of its application for detecting the plagiarism of source codesof solutions in two programming competitions conducted as part of classes on Al-gorithms and Numerical Methods were also presented. Finally, the effectivenessof the solutions used in the work was discussed." researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/Gniazdowski2019a" cites: 0 citedby: 3 journal: "Zeszyty Naukowe WWSI" volume: "13" number: "21" pages: "74-94" kind: "article" key: "Gniazdowski2019a" - title: "Dynamics of thermo-optical properties of semiconductor lasers" author: - name: "Kowalczyk, E." link: "https://researchr.org/alias/kowalczyk%2C-e." - name: "Ornoch, L." link: "https://researchr.org/alias/ornoch%2C-l." - name: "Zenon Gniazdowski" link: "https://researchr.org/profile/zenongniazdowski/publications" - name: "Mroziewicz, B." link: "https://researchr.org/alias/mroziewicz%2C-b." year: "2007" doi: "10.1117/12.700548" researchr: "https://researchr.org/publication/kowalczyk2007dynamics" cites: 0 citedby: 0 journal: "Proc. of SPIE" kind: "article" key: "kowalczyk2007dynamics"