Is lines of code a good measure of effort in effort-aware models?

Emad Shihab, Yasutaka Kamei, Bram Adams, Ahmed E. Hassan. Is lines of code a good measure of effort in effort-aware models?. Information \& Software Technology, 55(11):1981-1993, 2013. [doi]

@article{ShihabKAH13,
  title = {Is lines of code a good measure of effort in effort-aware models?},
  author = {Emad Shihab and Yasutaka Kamei and Bram Adams and Ahmed E. Hassan},
  year = {2013},
  doi = {10.1016/j.infsof.2013.06.002},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2013.06.002},
  researchr = {https://researchr.org/publication/ShihabKAH13},
  cites = {0},
  citedby = {0},
  journal = {Information \& Software Technology},
  volume = {55},
  number = {11},
  pages = {1981-1993},
}