Emojis as anchors to detect Arabic offensive language and hate speech

Hamdy Mubarak, Sabit Hassan, Shammur Absar Chowdhury. Emojis as anchors to detect Arabic offensive language and hate speech. Natural Language Engineering, 29(6):1436-1457, November 2023. [doi]

@article{MubarakHC23,
  title = {Emojis as anchors to detect Arabic offensive language and hate speech},
  author = {Hamdy Mubarak and Sabit Hassan and Shammur Absar Chowdhury},
  year = {2023},
  month = {November},
  doi = {10.1017/s1351324923000402},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324923000402},
  researchr = {https://researchr.org/publication/MubarakHC23},
  cites = {0},
  citedby = {0},
  journal = {Natural Language Engineering},
  volume = {29},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1436-1457},
}