Towards a Mechanistic Understanding of Large Reasoning Models: A Survey of Training, Inference, and Failures

Yi Hu, Jiaqi Gu, Ruxin Wang, Zijun Yao 0002, Hao Peng 0015, Xiaobao Wu, Jianhui Chen, Muhan Zhang, Liangming Pan. Towards a Mechanistic Understanding of Large Reasoning Models: A Survey of Training, Inference, and Failures. In Maria Liakata, Viviane P. Moreira, Jiajun Zhang 0001, David Jurgens, editors, Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), ACL 2026, San Diego, California, United States, July 2-7, 2026. pages 19449-19466, Association for Computational Linguistics, 2026. [doi]

Abstract

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