Raymond Lister, Elizabeth S. Adams, Sue Fitzgerald, William Fone, John Hamer, Morten Lindholm, Robert McCartney, Jan Erik Moström, Kate Sanders, Otto Seppälä, Beth Simon, Lynda Thomas. A multi-national study of reading and tracing skills in novice programmers. ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 36(4):119-150, 2004. [doi]
Abstract is missing.