A trigger-substrate model for smiling during an automated formative quiz: engagement is the substrate, not frustration

Harry J. Witchel, Harry L. Claxton, Daisy C. Holmes, Thomas T. Ranji, Joe D. Chalkley, Carlos P. Santos, Carina E. I. Westling, Michel F. Valstar, Matt Celuszak, Patrick Fagan. A trigger-substrate model for smiling during an automated formative quiz: engagement is the substrate, not frustration. In Proceedings of the 36th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics, Utrecht, The Netherlands, September 05-07, 2018. ACM, 2018. [doi]

@inproceedings{WitchelCHRCSWVC18,
  title = {A trigger-substrate model for smiling during an automated formative quiz: engagement is the substrate, not frustration},
  author = {Harry J. Witchel and Harry L. Claxton and Daisy C. Holmes and Thomas T. Ranji and Joe D. Chalkley and Carlos P. Santos and Carina E. I. Westling and Michel F. Valstar and Matt Celuszak and Patrick Fagan},
  year = {2018},
  doi = {10.1145/3232078.3232084},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3232078.3232084},
  researchr = {https://researchr.org/publication/WitchelCHRCSWVC18},
  cites = {0},
  citedby = {0},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 36th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics, Utrecht, The Netherlands, September 05-07, 2018},
  publisher = {ACM},
}