VLM-driven causal auditing: A counterfactual framework for revealing causal confusion in end-to-end driving

Guofa Li, Yuhao Wei, Chen Yang, Qi Lan, Jie Li 0042, Xiangyun Ren. VLM-driven causal auditing: A counterfactual framework for revealing causal confusion in end-to-end driving. Expert Syst. Appl., 331:133310, 2026. [doi]

Abstract

Abstract is missing.