Table of Contents

• Development of Machine Learning Subsystem in Intrusion Detection System for Cyber Physical SystemFabian Savero Diaz Pranoto, Yudistira Asnar. 1-6 [doi]
• A Real Time Implementation of SpectroNet for Music Player ApplicationClarence Amadeus, Infall Syafalni, Nana Sutisna, Trio Adiono. 1-4 [doi]
• Development of an ESP32-Based Tracker with XTEA-Encrypted CoordinatesDaven Darmawan Sendjaya, Fathiya Amani Shabira, Maritza Humaira, Muhammad Raihan Elfazri, Muhammad Ogin Hasanuddin. 1-6 [doi]
• Smart Plant Monitoring System with Adaptive Linear Regression Predictor for Predicting Next Watering TimeM. Abdi Haryadi. H., Jose Galbraith Hasintongan, Helkia Yeremia, Muhammad Iqbal Sigid, Nana Sutisna, Infall Syafalni, Trio Adiono. 1-6 [doi]
• Non-Dominated Sorting Differential Search Algorithm for Optimizing Regulatory-Metabolic Networks by Using Probabilistic ApproachRidho Ananda, Kauthar Mohd Daud, Suhaila Zainudin. 1-6 [doi]
• Unleashing the Impact of IT Integration Implementation in Public Sector Organizations Through the Lens of TOE: A ReviewAdamu Sa'ad Madaki, Kamsuriah Ahmad, Dalbir Singh, Abdulghader Abu Reemah A Abdullah. 1-6 [doi]
• IoT and AI-Driven Conceptual Model of Museum EcosystemShinta Puspasari, Indah Agustien Siradjuddin, Rachmansyah, M. Ade Fahtu Rahman, Ditho Haversyalapa. 1-6 [doi]
• Analysing Imbalanced Dataset for Postgraduate Student Dropout Using Predictive AnalyticsMohamad Akmal Bin Mohd Rosly, Suhaila Zainudin, Junaidah Mohamed Kassim. 1-6 [doi]
• Modeling Land Classification and Corn Planting Phases Using KSA Observation Points with CNN and SMOTE Hybrid MethodsRifky Hidayattullah, Rani Nooraeni, Winih Budiarti, Ni Putu Lidya Pramesty. 1-6 [doi]
• A Realtime Map Tracker for an Autonomous Tram: Design and ImplementationAbu Hanif Muhammad Syarubany, Bambang Riyanto Trilaksono, Egi Muhammad Idris Hidayat. 1-6 [doi]
• Comparation Classification of EMG Signals in the Time Domain and Time-Frequency DomainMuhammad Adzkia, Agung Wahyu Setiawan, Firzal Arland. 1-5 [doi]
• RCC-INC Hybrid MPPTMuhammad Ulum Burhani, Jayandi Soriasi Panggabean, Trio Adiono, Infall Syafalni, Nana Sutisna. 1-5 [doi]
• World Education Website Localization Using A Culture-Based Design ApproachKarina Imani, Adi Mulyanto. 1-6 [doi]
• Behavior Tree of Agents in Multi-Agent System on Action Video GameDanny Kusuma Wijaya, Ary Setijadi Prihatmanto, Rahadian Yusuf. 1-4 [doi]
• Empowering Secure and Cost-Efficient Blockchain Electronic Voting by Optimized ZK-SNARK AlgorithmUzma Jafar, Mohd Juzaiddin Ab Aziz, Zarina Shukur, Hafiz Adnan Hussain. 1-6 [doi]
• Smartphone-Integrated Reverse Lens Hemocount Microscope for Red Blood Cell ImagingMochammad Izzrul Izzrufi, Hasballah Zakaria. 1-6 [doi]
• Consideration of PMU Wide Area Monitoring Data Acquisition for Operational AnalysisDidik Fauzi Dakhlan, R. Dimas Dityagraha, Nanang Hariyanto, Bambang Anggoro Soedjarno. 1-5 [doi]
• Big Five Personality Prediction Based on Indonesian Tweets and Personality TestMade Arbi Parameswara, Farrel Satya Putra Mahendra, Muhammad Randy Cahya Mardika, Ira Puspasari, Nugraha Priya Utama. 1-6 [doi]
• Automatic Heliostat Directing System Based On Microcontroller ESP32Richard Medyanto, Nicholas Sanjaya, Suryadiputra Liawatimena. 1-6 [doi]
• Computer Vision-Based Hydroponic Lettuce Contour and Area Recognition SystemSamuel Raymond Pranowo, Zener Lie Sukra, Muhammad Zacky Asy'ari, Marisa W. Paryasto. 1-5 [doi]
• Comparative Analysis of ResNet101, InceptionV3, and InceptionResnetV2 Architectures for Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Stage ClassificationGregorius Ariyo Kresnadhi, Muhammad Fairuziko Nurrajab, Alifia Zahratul Ilmi, Muhammad Alief Septiawan, Astri Handayani, Widyawardana Adiprawita, Isa Anshori. 1-5 [doi]
• Optimization of Boosting Classifier Method for Paddy Growth Phase Classification Using Oversampling and Hyperparameter TuningNurul Izza Afkharinah, Elisabeth Gunawan, Nadira Fawziyya Masnur, Agustan Agustan, Swasetyo Yulianto, Kusprasapta Mutijarsa. 1-6 [doi]
• Exploring AI and Islam in Indonesian Education: An Anthropological InquiryDaphne Wong-A-Foe, Bart Barendregt, Maarten H. Lamers. 1-5 [doi]
• A Survey on Designs and Implementations of Virtual Private Network (VPN)Irfan Dhia Irsyad, Eueung Mulyana. 1-6 [doi]
• Developing Interpretive Text Analysis for Corporate Culture MeasurementHenndy Ginting, Tubagus Arief Fahmi, Jann Hidajat Tjakraatmadja, Indira Ayu Adzhani. 1-6 [doi]
• Development of User Interface for Red Tilapia Aquaculture Management System ApplicationHaikal Lazuardi Fadil, Arjuna Marcelino, Rafi Raihansyah Munandar, Nur Ulfa Maulidevi, Infall Syafalni. 1-6 [doi]
• A Spatio-Temporal Neural Network Approach for Predicting Traffic Accident Hotspot Areas: A Case Study in Bandung CityHermawan Wiwit Nugroho, Saiful Akbar. 1-6 [doi]
• GRAIN Algorithm Implementation for Lightweight Hardware-Based OTP AuthenticationNicholas Teffandi, Najmi Az-Zahra Feryputri, Muhammad Ogin Hasanuddin, Infall Syafalni, Nana Sutisna. 1-6 [doi]
• A Novel Multi-Modal Deep Learning Method for Fish's Appetite DetectionAgape D'sky, Infall Syafalni, Nana Sutisna, Hadi Hariyanto, Trio Adiono, Eni Sumiarsih. 1-6 [doi]
• The Non-Invasive HbA1c Measurement Device: A Narrative ReviewIntan Indahsari, Allya Peramita Koesoema. 1-5 [doi]
• Hierarchical CNN Automated Hierarchy Creation Using Output Prediction Analysis With Misprediction MatrixAdrus Mohamad Tazuddin, Azizi Abdullah, Zainal Rasyid Mahayuddin. 1-6 [doi]
• Effect of SMOTE for Sleep Stages Classification Using Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbor and Random ForestZendi Zakaria Raga Permana, Rizky Indah Sari, Nurfadilah Sari Febriani, Agung Wahyu Setiawan. 1-6 [doi]
• Character-Based String Matching Similarity Algorithms for Madurese Spelling Correction: A Preliminary StudyNoor Ifada, Fika Hastarita Rachman, Sri Wahyuni. 1-6 [doi]
• Multistate System Reliability: An Overview for Renewable Energy ApplicationsRyandi, Pradita Octoviandiningrum Hadi, Nanang Hariyanto, Bambang Anggoro Soedjarno Putro. 1-6 [doi]
• Managing Security Hazards in BYOD: A Comparative Analysis of Artificial Intelligent TechniquesMarziana Abdul Majid, Zulkefli Mansor, Rossilawati Sulaiman. 1-5 [doi]
• Handling of Indonesian-English Codeswitching Speech in End-to-End Indonesian Speech Recognition System Using Connectionist Temporal Classification ModelHizkia Raditya Pratama Roosadi, Dessi Puji Lestari. 1-6 [doi]
• Designing Big Data Management Policy for Statistics IndonesiaFebri Naldy Purba, Arry Akhmad Arman, Albarda, Novianto Budi Kurniawan. 1-6 [doi]
• Exploiting Heterogeneous Graphs with GCN for Drug RepositioningZhi Wu, Suhaila Zainudin, Kauthar Mohd Daud. 1-5 [doi]
• Producer Mobility in Named Data Networking: Handoff Latency and Packet Arrival RateWan Muhd Hazwan Azamuddin, Azana Hafizah Mohd Aman, Hasimi Sallehuddin, Zhang Wenhua. 1-6 [doi]
• Securing UAV Communication with TinyJAMBU CryptographyRafael Aditya Cahyo W, Handy Jonarta, Alika Cynthia Clarissa, Infall Syafalni, Nana Sutisna, Muhammad Ogin Hasanuddin. 1-6 [doi]
• Design and Implementation of Low Cost Air Quality Monitoring System Using Gateway and Cloud ServerKelvin Sutirta, Muhammad Izzatul Fauzan Hasibuan, Wiennetou Joel Hermesha, Elvayandri Muchtar, Nana Sutisna. 1-6 [doi]
• Performance Improvement of Paddy Growth Stage Classification Using Stacking CART and Random Forest MethodNadira Fawziyya Masnur, Nurul Izza Afkharinah, Elisabeth Gunawan, Agustan Agustan, Swasetyo Yulianto, Kusprasapta Mutijarsa. 1-6 [doi]
• System Dynamics Modeling to Simulate Policy Making for 5G Deployment in IndonesiaMuhammad Shalahuddin, Wikan Danar Sunindyo, Mohammad Ridwan Effendi, Kridanto Surendro. 1-5 [doi]
• Enhancing Data Logger Telemetry Security for Go-Karts using GIFT-COFB AlgorithmPutu Aditya Wiradarma, Adriel Tohonan Simamora, Sinekar Lintang, Muhammad Ogin Hasanuddin. 1-6 [doi]
• Interactive STEM in Cyber Awareness Learning SystemKamsuriah Ahmad, Suhaila Zainudin, Shahrina Shahrani. 1-5 [doi]
• Optimization of Random Forest Algorithm for Paddy Growth Stage Classification Using Bayesian Optimization and OversamplingElisabeth Gunawan, Nurul Izza Afkharinah, Nadira Fawziyya Masnur, Kusprasapta Mutijarsa, Agustan Agustan, Swasetyo Yulianto. 1-6 [doi]
• Automatic Anti-Swing Gantry Crane Based on Gradient Descent Optimization Proportional Integrated Derivative (PID): A Comparison Simulation and Real ExperimentMunzir Qadri, Danang Karuna Harjanto, Jonathan Miharja, Winda Astuti, Yosica Mariana, Sofyan Tan, Mahmud Iwan Solihin. 1-6 [doi]
• Exploring Deep Learning for Improved MIMO Performance: A Design Research Methodology ApproachHirwandi Agusnam, Irma Zakia, Hendrawan. 1-6 [doi]
• Stardist Segmentation to Determine the Printout Characteristics of Different PrintersImam Yuadi, Ullin Nihaya, Friska Dwi Pratiwi. 1-5 [doi]
• Car Engine and Chassis Assembly Training Simulation Using VR TechnologyMiguel Yehezkiel Noya, Muhammad Zacky Asy'ari, Christian Bernard Kuswandi, Zener Lie Sukra. 1-6 [doi]
• Sleep Stage Identification of Split Wave EEG Signals Using CNN-RNNEsmeralda Contessa Djamal, Irfan Sobbah Mufadhol, Fatan Kasyidi. 1-6 [doi]
• Implementation of Topic Modeling in the Analysis of Topic Trends in SDGs Goal 6 ResearchFathonah Illia, Rani Nooraeni, Lya Hulliyyatus Suadaa. 1-6 [doi]
• Adaptive Headlight Controller Using Multi SensorsSandra, Infall Syafalni, Nana Sutisna, Trio Adiono. 1-6 [doi]
• Development of a Bird Song Identification Model Using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)Nabila Hannania, Nur Ulfa Maulidevi. 1-6 [doi]
• Depth and Pitch Control of Autonomous Underwater Glider Using Model Predictive Control with ARX ModelJason Jeremy, Egi Muhammad Idris Hidayat, Simon Siregar, Bambang Riyanto Trilaksono, Natsir Habibullah. 1-6 [doi]
• Supervised Machine Learning Approach for Predicting Cardiovascular Complications Risk in Patients with Diabetes MellitusArief Purnama Muharram, Fahmi Sajid. 1-6 [doi]
• Sentiment Analysis of Political Party News on the Online News Portal Detik.com Using LSTM and CNNEpata Tuah, Fariska Zakhralativa Ruskanda. 1-6 [doi]
• A Cyber-Physical-Social System for Image-Form Air Quality Data: Citizens ParticipationNur Rafia Dija, Rahadian Yusuf. 1-5 [doi]
• Optimization of Switched Reluctance Motor for Two Wheels Electric VehicleIrza Kusuma Ajie, Jihad Furqani, Arief Fadillah. 1-6 [doi]
• Automation Lamp Healing Application based on Face Expression Identification System using Convolution Neural Network (CNN)Devin Onil Saduki Simangunsong, Mahesh, Muhammad Nurul Puji, Winda Astuti. 1-5 [doi]
• Gamification Adaptive Elements in Virtual Learning to Improve Behaviour and Collaborative InteractionIntan Yusrina Zairon, Tengku Siti Meriam Tengku Wook, Syahanim Mohd Salleh, Hadi Affendy Dahlan. 1-6 [doi]
• Application of User-Centered Design Approach in Developing Interaction Design of In-Kind Donation Feature on a Crowdfunding PlatformChristopher Davin Leoputra, Dicky Prima Satya, Muhammad Romadhon Al-Ghazali. 1-6 [doi]
• Smart Home Healthcare Technologies Based on IoT for Bedridden Patient: A Systematic Literature ReviewPresa Taruna Oliver, Armein Z. R. Langi. 1-5 [doi]
• Innovations in E-Commerce Development and The Potential Disruptive FeaturesAbdulghader Abu Reemah A Abdullah, Ibrahim Mohamed, Nurhizam Safie Mohd Satar, Adamu Sa'ad Madaki, Hadya S. Hawedi. 1-6 [doi]
• Multi-Feature Extraction EMG For Classification of Finger MovementFirzal Arland, Agung Wahyu Setiawan, Muhammad Adzkia. 1-5 [doi]
• Texture-Based Dipterocarpaceae Trunk Classification Using Two Stage Transfer Learning of VGG16Joan Angelina Widians, Masna Wati, Novianti Puspitasari, Ummul Hairah, Ade Fiqri Tjikoa. 1-4 [doi]
• Design of the Bontocani Health Center Service Application: A Proposed MethodFadel Muhammad, Allya Paramita Koesoema. 1-5 [doi]
• Automatic Text Categorization to Standard Classification of Indonesian Business Fields (KBLI) 2020Lya Hulliyyatus Suadaa, Farid Ridho, Anugerah Karta Monika, Nucke Widowati K. Projo. 1-6 [doi]
• Effect of HV Guard in Reducing Electric Field Intensity of Gas Insulated Switchgear SpacerMuhammad R. Fabio, Syarif Hidayat, Umar Khayam. 1-5 [doi]
• Swimming Style Recognition for Video Sequences Using Deep LearningAhmad Hafrizalman Abdul Hamid, Zalinda Othman, Suhailayani Suhaimi. 1-6 [doi]
• Factors of Big Data Adoption by the SMEsHasimi Sallehudin, Xian Yunlin, Fazlina Mohd Ali, Rogis Baker, Ahmad Firdause Md Fadzil, Nur Azaliah Abu Bakar. 1-6 [doi]
• Super-Resolution in Sparse Representation Fusion for Medical ImagesIrma Safitri, Andriyan Bayu Suksmono, Donny Danudirdjo, Koredianto Usman. 1-6 [doi]
• Underwater Scanning Using LiDARMuhammad Rafif Bariq, Reza Darmakusuma, Rahadian Yusuf. 1-5 [doi]
• Analysis of Optimizer Effects on CNN Model for Defect Identification in Welding Results of A 106 Grade B Carbon Steel PipeMochammad Karim Al Amin, Mohammad Thoriq Wahyudi, Muhammad Ainul Yaqin, Ryan Yudha Adhitya, Dika Anggara, Aygasta Firstya Alliyrahmanda, Moh Miftachul Munir, Eka Cahya Septian. 1-6 [doi]
• Design of Fuse Cut Out (FCO) Detection Tools Break-Up on Internet of Things-Based Distribution Substations to Speed up Response Time of DisordersHerisajani, Fitriadi, M. Fauzan Aulia, Rahmi Berlianti, Riza Widia, Valdi Rizki Yandri. 1-5 [doi]
• Design and Implementation of Passive Sonar Prototype for Ship DetectionNovia Karostiani, Joko Suryana, Syarif Hidayat, Ahmad Izzuddin. 1-5 [doi]
• Stator and Rotor Pole Combination in Switched Reluctance Motors for Electric Motorcycle ApplicationMuhammad R. Fabio, Tri Desmana Rachmilda, Jihad Furqani, Agus Purwadi. 1-4 [doi]
• Intrusion Detection System Architecture for Cyber-Physical SystemFadel Ananda Dotty, Yudistira Asnar. 1-6 [doi]
• Energy Planning and Utilization in the North Sulawesi Electricity SystemArif Majiid Nusa Pratama, Bagas Maulana Sutardi, Irfan Zidny, Irvan Lewi, Hasanuddin, Syarif Hidayat, Pradita Octaviandiningrum Hadi. 1-6 [doi]
• Real-Time Emotion Recognition Using CNN and OpenCVDewi Tresnawati, Ary Setijadi Prihatmanto, Mervin T. Hutabarat, Rahadian Yusuf, Nina Lestari, Azizah Zakiah. 1-6 [doi]
• PCA-SVM for a Lightweight ASL Hand Gesture Image RecognitionAji Gautama Putrada, Nur Alamsyah, Mohamad Nurkamal Fauzan, Doan Perdana. 1-6 [doi]
• Designing a Mindful Computerized Therapy Module to Reduce DepressionSiti Fadzilah Mat Noor, Tengku Siti Meriam Tengku Wook, Nur Fazidah Elias, Hazura Mohamed, Nor Hidayah Hussain, Wan Salwina Wan Ismail, Anuradha Thiagarajan, Norhayati Ibrahim, Norasikin Fabil. 1-6 [doi]
• Informal Indonesian Part-of-Speech Tagger Using Hidden Markov Model and Normalization AlgorithmFika Hastarita Rachman, Firdaus Solihin, Nenden Siti Fatonah, Tsania Hazhiahadani, Sri Herawati, Imamah. 1-6 [doi]
• Sentiment Analysis of Game Reviews on STEAM using BERT, BiLSTM, and CRFJalaluddin Al Mursyidy Fadhlurrahman, Neng Ayu Herawati, Hayyu Rachma Widya Aulya, Ira Puspasari, Nugraha Priya Utama. 1-6 [doi]
• Design and Implementation of Line Follower for Adaptive HeadlightSandra, Infall Syafalni, Nana Sutisna, Trio Adiono. 1-5 [doi]
• GDP: Group-Based Differential Privacy Framework for Secure Process Mining in the Internet of Medical ThingsMahdi Sahlabadi, Zarina Shukur, Ravie Chandren Muniyandi, Morteza Saberikamarposhti. 1-6 [doi]
• Development of Inexpensive Microcontroller-Based Soil Moisture Measurement Device Implemented Using Time Domain ReflectometryMuhammad Amin Sulthoni, Muhammad Adli Rizqulloh. 1-4 [doi]
• The Usability of P2P-FLIP Framework for Teaching Programming via Flipped ClassroomRosnizam Eusoff, Syahanim Mohd Salleh, Zarina Shukur. 1-5 [doi]
• Design of Cyber Risk Calculation Methods Using Monte Carlo Simulation in MarketspaceHafizh Fianto Putra, Suhardi. 1-6 [doi]
• A Study of Mobile Application Accessibility Interface for Quranic Braille LearningDahlila Putri Dahnil, Nurhidayah Bahar, Siti Zahidah Abdullah. 1-6 [doi]
• Image Enhancement for Breast Cancer Based on Image Contrast, Interpolation and FilteringIrma Safitri, Yeni Pertiwi, Tati L. R. Mengko, Ira Puspasari. 1-6 [doi]
• Estimation of Rice Harvested Area in the Rainy and Dry Seasons Using Remote Sensing DataVivi Cantika Permata Haji, Rani Nooraeni, Okky Saputra. 1-6 [doi]
• Exploring Software Development Waste and Lean Approach in Green PerspectiveSiti Rohana Ahmad Ibrahim, Hasimi Sallehudin, Jamaiah Yahaya. 1-6 [doi]
• Collaborative Online Learning Framework to Cultivate Parent-Teacher Engagement in Primary SchoolFarhan Hanis Muhmad Asri, Dalbir Singh, Zulkefli Mansor, Helmi Norman. 1-6 [doi]
• Current Control Comparison Using Conventional and Multi Resonant PI in Energy Storage SystemFirmanda Reditza Julismana Putra, Rahmat Ihsani Yuskar, Tri Desmana Rachmildha, Deny Hamdani. 1-6 [doi]
• Development of Atmel SAM-Based Wireless Sensor Node for Bridge Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)Rizki Dwi Purnomo, Bambang Riyanto Trilaksono, Muhammad Riyansyah, Hari Triwibowo. 1-6 [doi]
• Fall Risk Detection Using Heart Rate VariabilityErika Nugrahingsih, Widyawardana Adiprawita. 1-4 [doi]
• Towards Sustainable Higher Education: A Framework for Implementing Green IT StrategiesPatrick Segara, Erna Hikmawati, Kridanto Surendro. 1-6 [doi]
• Implementing the Johnson Algorithm: A New Approach to ONOS Intent Path ForwardingTaufik Irfan. 1-6 [doi]
• Algorithm Analysis of Decision Tree, Gradient Boosting Decision Tree, and Random Forest for Classification (Case Study: West Java House of Representatives Election 2019)Irena Irmalasari, Latifa Dwiyanti. 1-5 [doi]
• Backend System for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Cultivation Management SystemRafi Raihansyah Munandar, Arjuna Marcelino, Haikal Lazuardi Fadil, Nur Ulfa Maulidevi, Infall Syafalni. 1-6 [doi]
• Enhancing Hierarchical CNN Via Pathway Loss and Reference Forwarding SynergyAdrus Mohamad Tazuddin, Azizi Abdullah, Zainal Rasyid Mahayuddin. 1-6 [doi]
• Domain-Specific Language Model Post-Training for Indonesian Financial NLPNi Putu Intan Maharani, Ayu Purwarianti, Yoga Yustiawan, Fauzy Caesar Rochim. 1-6 [doi]
• Investigation of Control Algorithm for Electromechanical Vehicle Active Anti-Roll BarZien Zhang, Abdul Hadi Abd Rahman, Noraishikin Zulkarnain. 1-6 [doi]
• Design and Implementation of River Water Quality Monitoring System with MicrosatelliteJulian Naufal, Joko Suryana, Ahmad Izzuddin, Zenal Aripin. 1-6 [doi]
• Detection and Measurement of Object Distances Using the Combination Function of 2D LiDAR Sensor and CameraKadek Agus Wahyu Raharja, Pranoto Hidaya Rusmin. 1-5 [doi]
• Indo LEGO-ABSA: A Multitask Generative Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis for Indonesian LanguageRandy Zakya Suchrady, Ayu Purwarianti. 1-6 [doi]
• Human Activity Recognition Based on Wearable Devices and Feedforward Neural NetworksJames Parluhutan Hutabarat, Nur Ahmadi, Trio Adiono. 1-4 [doi]
• Data Modeling for Productive Asset and Supporting AssetSinung Suakanto, Ari Setiawan, Widyatasya Agustika Nurtrisha. 1-6 [doi]
• Automatic Early Detection System of Feverish Infectious Diseases in Indoor Public AreasLeonardo Gianto, Titan H. Rukmana, Steven I. Surya, Yoanes Bandung. 1-6 [doi]
• The Effects of Extract Function Refactoring On High Cyclomatic Complexity Code Smell and Maintainability IndexMuhammad Naufal Pratama, Beta Noranita, Khadijah. 1-6 [doi]
• VidyaMedic: Smart Alert System For Continous Vital Sign MonitoringVidya Ikawati, Ary Setijadi Prihatmanto. 1-6 [doi]